Object Oriented Paradigm

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is an programming paradigm/ approach for program organization and development, which attempts to eliminate some of the drawbacks of conventional programming methods by incorporating the best of structured programming features with several new concepts.

OOP allows us to decompose a problem into number of entities called objects and then build data and methods (functions) around these entities.The data of an object can be accessed only by the methods associated with the object. 

 

Objects correspond to things found in the real world which have state (data) and behavior (methods). Objects, are usually instances of classes, are used to interact with one another to design applications and computer programs. 

C++, Java, PHP, Ruby , Python, Perl are common object oriented languages.

Object interaction diagram :--

Below are the key points related to OOPs:--

1. Programs are divided into objects.

2. Emphasis is on data rather than procedure. 

3. Data Structures are designed such that they characterize the objects. 

4. Methods that operate on the data of an object  are tied together in the data structure.

5. Data is hidden and can not be accessed by external functions. 

6. Objects may communicate with each other through methods.

Object Oriented concepts are :--

1. Class

2. Objects

3. Encapsulation

4. Abstraction

5. Polymorphism

6. Inheritance

7. Message passing.

 

The above object oriented concepts are discussed here.